Deprenyl |
|
 |
|
DEPRENYL
a versatile drug with life-extending properties
Deprenyl (deprenyl selegiline), first intended as an antidepressant, is commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, and also as a life-extension drug. It is also being applied in the treatment of a range of other conditions. It enhances and protects mental function, and helps in retaining libido and a positive mood. It is very safe in use. Thus, particularly in its life-extension role, not just the length of life is increased, but also the quality of life.
Deprenyl is a modification of PEA (phenyl ethylamine), an endogenous member of the family to which the neurotransmitters noradrenalin and dopamine belong. The drug is available as L-deprenyl, also known as Selegiline. The active ingredient in the tablet form is deprenyl hydrochloride, i.e. it has a bond between deprenyl and an inorganic component. It is also available as deprenyl citrate – the most potent form – which is instead composed of deprenyl bonded with an organic component.
key phrases: deprenyl, liquid deprenyl, and deprenyl, deprenyl life extension, deprenyl side effects, deprenyl dosage, deprenyl for dogs.
| Dosage |
Packing |
Price |
Add to basket |
| 5 mg |
30 tab ($1.06 per tab) |
USD 32.00 |
 |
| 5 mg |
90 tab ($1.00 per tab) |
USD 88.00 |
|
| 5 mg |
150 tab ($0.85 per tab) |
USD 128.00 |
|
| 10 mg |
30 tab ($1.76 per tab) |
USD 53.00 |
|
| 10 mg |
60 tab ($1.72 per tab) |
USD 103.00 |
|
Deprenyl generic (generic - what is it?)
| Dosage |
Packing |
Price |
Add to basket |
| 5 mg |
100 tab ($0.59 per tab) |
USD 59.00 |
|
Deprenyl: Medications and Prescriptions
Generic name: Deprenyl
Product Brand Name: Eldepryl, Selegeline, Jumex
Deprenyl description
This drug is very well-established, having been developed in the early 1960s as an antidepressant by Professor Joseph Knoll, in Hungary. Later, in the 1970s, it was found that when deprenyl was administered as an adjunct to other drugs such as levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, significantly improved results were achieved in such patients.
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease is a degenerative brain illness in which the patient suffers progressively worsening dementia, unsteady gait, and tremor. Ultimately it is fatal. The disease is thought to be caused by a reduction in the numbers of a special type of cell in a portion of the brain called the substantia nigra. These cells are responsible for producing dopamine, a stimulatory neurotransmitter substance; and the consequence is that the body suffers a progressively more severe dopamine deficiency, leading to the well-known symptoms of the disease.
Deprenyl selegiline was initially developed as a psychic energizer – it was designed to combine some amphetamine-like brain effects with the action of an antidepressant. It was found however that deprenyl also has the beneficial effect of protecting or shielding neurotransmitter cells from the action of neurotoxins – chemical agents that kill or reduce the activity of such cells. Dopamine availability is improved, and the nerve cells are maintained in good health by being protected from being damaged by the stressful conditions which occur as the body ages. In this way deprenyl acts as an antiaging agent. Professor Knoll in his life-extension research showed that the average human life-span could potentially be increased by some 15 years by regular usage of deprenyl.
Treatment with deprenyl
Dosage
The appropriate dose of deprenyl selegiline varies from one patient to another, and can only be effectively determined by the doctor. The dosage varies with age and medical condition of the patient, but also depends on many other factors. For example, studies indicate that the biological uptake for oral dosage is considerably increased (by an order of magnitude) in women taking oral contraceptives. Furthermore, a high dose is not necessarily more effective (in fact, may be less effective) than a lower one. Therefore it is very important to act according to the doctor's recommendation. Thus the figures below should be taken only as rough guidelines. For people aged in the range 30-35 years, a dose of 1 mg twice a week is suggested by the manufacturer. Those aged above 80 years are sometimes prescribed up to 10 mg a day. For treatment of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease a typical dosage is about 20 mg a day, which is higher than for any of the other applications. Usually for other purposes the dose is between 2.5-5 mg, taken 1-3 times a week. A lower dose of about 1-3 mg, but taken more frequently (on alternate days), is suggested in some other cases.
Side effects
It is possible that some people may experience side effects from this drug. These may include digestive problems such as heartburn, upset stomach and nausea. In others, side effects like hyper-excitability, irritability and psychomotor agitation along with insomnia have been found. Certain neurotransmitter substances that affect sleeping and calmness of mood may be over-activated by deprenyl, and this may account for the above-mentioned disorders. Dietary supplementation with magnesium, tryptophan or 5-HTP can be used to overcome such side effects.
In younger people, dopamine levels remain fairly stable. However, even in healthy individuals, after about age 45 average dopamine levels in the brain start to decrease, by about 13% for each 10 years of life. On this basis, by approximately age 130 the dopamine content would decline to around 30% of normal – which is typically the level seen in patients with early Parkinson's disease. (When the level has fallen to 10% of normal, death is likely to ensue.)
Thus some neuroscientists have said that if we were to live long enough, everyone would ultimately suffer Parkinson's disease symptoms. In healthy persons, if the rate of decline could be slowed even modestly (perhaps down to 10% per decade, instead of 13%), then a very significant life-extension would be possible. It is believed that this can be achieved by regular usage with deprenyl.
How deprenyl works
It was suggested by Professor Knoll, the drug's developer, that the action of deprenyl was due to the fact of it being an inhibitor of the action of a group of enzymes called monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B). These are scavenger substances responsible for metabolising "used" neurotransmitter chemicals so that they can be excreted. MAO levels tend to increase with age, causing a resultant decrease in amounts of monoamine neurotransmitter substances such as dopamine. Consequently, inhibition of the MAO action can correct the natural age-related decrease in levels of these vital substances.
The MAO-B enzymes break down dopamine inside the brain. However by using this drug dopamine can be preserved, because the action of the enzymes is inhibited by deprenyl. Fortunately however, it is at the same time very selective in its action (although if taken in large doses it loses its specificity). Thus other key enzymes in the body, such as the MAO in the digestive system, remain unaffected by this drug. Deprenyl can be regarded as the only potent MAO-B inhibitor currently available which is selective in this way. Deprenyl also inhibits the uptake of noreprinephine, dopamine and epinephrine into the neuronal cells.
Deprenyl is partly metabolized to produce low levels of variant forms of amphetamine and methamphetamine, although these isomers are not considered psychoactive and have little abuse liability, even with excess doses of deprenyl. At the same time, possibly they may beneficially contribute to the stimulatory effect on locomotor activity and dopamine synthesis. Nevertheless in this context it should be noted that due to these metabolites, deprenyl has the potential to cause false positives for amphetamine or methamphetamine in drug tests.
Certain tyramine-containing foods like cheese, chicken liver, yeast, herring, and some wines, tend to cause the neural uptake of tyramine. This sometimes leads to a hypertensive reaction in the brain which can prove dangerous. This, commonly known as the "cheese effect", is prevented by MAO inhibitors. Nevertheless, as a precaution certain dietary restrictions may be advised when taking high doses of deprenyl; although deprenyl is much better than other MAO inhibitor drugs in this respect. With low doses of deprenyl, such attention to diet is considered to be unnecessary.
Deprenyl was the first selective MAO-B inhibitor to be described. More recent research however indicates that deprenyl may also possess a number of unique properties, apart from its MAO-B inhibition activity. Dr Knoll has shown that by blocking the MAO-B enzymes, deprenyl also helps in the formation of higher levels of natural antioxidants in the brain. These antioxidants in turn protect the nerve cells and further aid in extending life-expectancy. In particular, deprenyl has been found to act as a promoter of the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).
Antiaging effect
Deprenyl for many years remained a relatively obscure drug, officially approved in Europe and elsewhere as an adjunctive treatment for Parkinson's disease. Then in 1988 a sensational scientific article on a different effect of the drug was published in a specialized small-circulation medical journal. In the article, Professor Knoll reported the results of longevity experiments on rats which had been given deprenyl. In his studies, Knoll found that rats treated with deprenyl lived up to 40% longer than the "control" rats which were given a dummy substance instead. In particular, not just the average lifespan was improved, but there was a dramatic increase in maximum lifespan for the very oldest animals – an indication of a genuine antiaging effect.
Most subsequent studies (by Knoll and other investigators) have confirmed the longevity-enhancing effects of deprenyl. Although the recent studies have not shown results as dramatic as achieved in the original report, Knoll believes this can be explained by the various differences in experimental details which led to non-optimal dosages.
Professor Knoll has said that he himself takes deprenyl tablets twice per week – and that in his opinion, nearly everyone over the age of 45 would benefit by taking deprenyl as a preventative against aging.
Other applications
In addition to its potential as a life-extending drug, deprenyl also appears to have a number of other beneficial effects. Apart from the general anti-aging action, undoubtedly one of the most significant for the general population is a libido-promoting or aphrodisiac effect, in both men and women. Professor Knoll and colleagues first reported indications for the drug's potential in this area in the 1980s in animal experiments, showing that it was particularly effective in older males.
In the USA its use for Parkinson's disease was for a long time the only FDA-approved indication for deprenyl. However, there are a number of ongoing clinical studies evaluating its efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease; and beyond this, anecdotal reports have been accumulating of its ability to give dramatic improvements in an impressive number of other diseases.
Although in some cases this is still a matter of controversy, conditions for which deprenyl may reportedly be therapeutic or ameliorative include depression, learning difficulties, (stopping) smoking, senile dementia, hypertension, stroke, certain hormonal inadequacies, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateralizing sclerosis (Lou Gherig's disease), fatigue, chronic pain, gastric ulcers, sexual dysfunction, blepharospasm, and cancer.
In relation to cancer Dr. Clyde Reynolds, who specializes in the metabolic therapy of cancer, has discovered that cancer patients invariably have imbalances of the neurotransmitters epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin. He believes that a normal balance of these neurotransmitters is necessary for the effective treatment of all cancers – and he has found that Deprenyl has a highly effective action in achieving this balance.
Deprenyl and healthy brain cells
As already mentioned, the brain contains neurotransmitter substances that in effect form the messengers for brain impulses or signals. Deprenyl boosts the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, offsetting their natural decline in older persons, and thereby finds its place in the field of anti-aging medicine. In a particularly important example, brain activity retains its youthfulness by reducing the loss of dopamine which would occur due to the natural aging process.
Deprenyl was initially developed as a psychic energizer – it was designed to combine some amphetamine-like brain effects with the action of an antidepressant. It was found however that deprenyl also has the beneficial effect of protecting or shielding neurotransmitter cells from the action of neurotoxins – chemical agents that kill or reduce the activity of such cells. Dopamine availability is improved, and the nerve cells are maintained in good health by being protected from being damaged by the stressful conditions which occur as the body ages. In this way deprenyl acts as an antiaging agent. Professor Knoll in his life-extension research showed that the average human life-span could potentially be increased by some 15 years by regular usage of deprenyl.
Treatment with deprenyl
Dosage
The appropriate dose of deprenyl varies from one patient to another, and can only be effectively determined by the doctor. The dosage varies with age and medical condition of the patient, but also depends on many other factors. For example, studies indicate that the biological uptake for oral dosage is considerably increased (by an order of magnitude) in women taking oral contraceptives. Furthermore, a high dose is not necessarily more effective (in fact, may be less effective) than a lower one. Therefore it is very important to act according to the doctor's recommendation. Thus the figures below should be taken only as rough guidelines. For people aged in the range 30-35 years, a dose of 1 mg twice a week is suggested by the manufacturer. Those aged above 80 years are sometimes prescribed up to 10 mg a day. For treatment of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease a typical dosage is about 20 mg a day, which is higher than for any of the other applications. Usually for other purposes the dose is between 2.5-5 mg, taken 1-3 times a week. A lower dose of about 1-3 mg, but taken more frequently (on alternate days), is suggested in some other cases.
The drug is available in both liquid and tablet form. The liquid form is considered the most potent form of the drug. When administered by injection, it has higher bioavailability than for oral dosage.
Side effects
It is possible that some people may experience side effects from this drug. These may include digestive problems such as heartburn, upset stomach and nausea. In others, side effects like hyper-excitability, irritability and psychomotor agitation along with insomnia have been found. Certain neurotransmitter substances that affect sleeping and calmness of mood may be over-activated by deprenyl, and this may account for the above-mentioned disorders. Dietary supplementation with magnesium, tryptophan or 5-HTP can be used to overcome such side effects.
Deprenyl notes:
Deprenyl drug of a class phenethylamines is used for the treatment of early-stage Parkinson's disease, depression and senile dementia. It is used in combination with levodopa and carbidopa.
Deprenyl is available under brand name of Selegeline, Eldepryl and Jumex. It is available in both liquid (Deprenyl citrate) and tablet form. Selegiline helps to increase and extend the effects of levodopa there by restricting the effect of Parkinson's disease.
Deprenyl side effects includes chest pain, enlarged pupils, increased sensitivity of the eyes to light, mood or other mental changes, stiff or sore neck, nausea and vomiting, decreased urine, dizziness or lightheadedness, dry mouth, hallucinations, loss of appetite, muscle pain, severe stomach pain, swelling of the feet, uncontrolled chewing movements, unusual tiredness, wheezing or puffing of the cheeks.
The recommended dosage of Deprenyl is as exactly prescribed by doctor. If a dose is missed take the missed one immediately and if it is near to the next dose, skip it and continue with the regular routine. Seek emergency medical attention if an overdose is detected. Overdose symptoms includes irritability, difficulty opening the mouth, fast or irregular pulse,high or low blood pressure.
Other drugs that interact with Deprenyl are amoxapine, bupropion, clomipramine, desipramine, duloxetine, ephedrine, guanadrel, isometheptene, nefopam, morphine. Customers can buy Deprenyl online from the reliable and trustworthy pharmaceutical sites.
There are no reports available whether this medication affects pregnant or breastfeeding women. Consult doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant during treatment.
Store Deprenyl at room temperature away from heat, moisture and direct light.
Anti Aging pill – closer to reality
The latest study conducted combinedly by University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine have revealed that drug commonly used in humans to prevent transplanted organs from being rejected, helps extend the expected lifespan of mice by up to 14 per cent. Rapamycin is also used in heart operations and is being tested for its anti-cancer properties.
David Harrison team lead of the study that took place at the Jackson Laboratory found that rapamycin found in the soil of easter islands(produced by a microbe that lives in the soil) extended the lives of middle-aged mice by 28 percent to 38 percent. The rapamycin was given to almost 2000 mice in their food at an age equivalent to 60 years old in humans.
Matt Kaeberlein who works on aging in mice, yeast and worms also said that rapamycin might be mimicking the effects of dietary restriction, the only robust way to extend life in mammals until now. But it is still not clear whether the drug could extend human life. In its current form, the drug is too dangerous to hand out as an anti-aging pill as it suppresses the immune system and also makes people vulnerable to any viruses and bacteria.
|
|
Drug category:Antiparkinson agents
 Deprenyl
Buy here
|
|
My Basket